Under the deck is both maps as the activity means. Card games are games played with a set (play) cards (as opposed to the board games). The card games are first divided into play the famous playing cards (hearts, diamonds, clubs and spades) and use the remaining games, which have their own sets of cards. The first group is further subdivided into playing with a deck of 32, 52 or 54 cards. In the second group are all quartets, and Step on Tarot, card games that are derived from board games like The Settlers of Catan and collect cards like Magic, Yu-Gi-Oh and Pokemon, which at the end of the 20th century were a fad and as a game can be played. | ||
Paul Cézanne, the card players, from 1890-92. |
The oldest traces of the game in Europe date from the period 1370-1400, with an earlier mention of cards in Italy in 1299. A Catalan document from 1371 refers to it as "naipes" which still is the Spanish word for playing cards. A monk in Basel in 1377 describes a game. The city of Florence in 1376 and the German city of Regensburg in 1378 set a ban on card games in. The oldest entry in the Low Countries dates from 1379. | ||
Jean-Baptiste Simeon Chardin, it cards, c. 1734 |
The first European cards were hand made. These cards were expensive and exclusive. With the invention of the printing press made
it possible and cheaper to produce in larger quantities, whatever happened more and more. It was a great variety of cards,
numbers and symbols.
In general, four different groups are more distinct symbols, which are supposed to symbolize the four classes.
The current in Western Europe and the United States used set of cards is based on the French game like that was established
around 1480. In the standard game, the French knights replace previously used by women and uses the four stylized symbols
used nowadays §¨
©ª. The game is still full of medieval symbolism.
Talk of French maps, it meant the usual cards with spades, hearts, etc., or the French variant thereof, with the names of the
persons represented, and the letters R, D, V. The English (K, Q, J) and Dutch (H, V, B images of buildings on the aces) cards
are variants of the French charts.
In France since the sixteenth century use the names of the persons represented on the cards. Initially there was some variation,
but since the end of the seventeenth century are the same names. They are derived in part from the 'Nine Worthies. Contrary
to what one would expect are not historical couples: Rachel was not the wife of Caesar and Hector was no servant of them. Indeed,
women are not historical queens.Also from the picture on English maps is anything to distract (Spades Lord carries a harp, so
that David should be). A brief (not entirely uncontroversial) interpretation of names and symbols:
knave | queen | king | |||
lahire Étienne la hire, companion of Jeanne d'Arc | Judith Firmness | Charles Charlemagne or Charles VII French Empire | |||
Hector | Rachel Piety | César Julius Caesar Roman Empire | |||
Ogier a knight of Charlemagne | Palllas Pallas Athene Wisdom | David King David Kingdom of Israel | |||
Lancelot Knight of the Round Table | Argine Anagram van Regina Fertility | Alexandre Alexander the Great Greek Empire |
In the nineteenth century, the convenience of the cards increased by the double-headers on the images to perform before they
can stand on its head. Further, the entries added to the corners and the corners rounded. Published in London in 1850 with the
first maps printed back. The joker is an American invention from 1865.
the cards as gambling
Card games have always been fit to gamble. The height or low point of the gambling was in the 18th century reached Europe.
Louis XIV encouraged his courtiers to make large sums to play. Map evenings, with the opportunity to ruin, came into fashion.
That attracted professional players and cheaters aan.Een known player Giacomo Casanova. In his memoirs mentions basset, picket,
biribi, whist, quinze especially the mindless but popular faro. In his memoirs, Casanova mentions playing cards "ruini
The card also mania raged at the royal courts and among the highest clergy. It was not unusual for cardinals and bishops as
"bank" and acted big bets accepted. Voltaire's friend, Mme. du Châtelet lost in Fontainebleau at the table of
the French queen on one evening 80 000 pounds and Voltaire told her after she "had not had that they have played
villains". Until 1789 the French court was widely gambled. Marie Antoinette was the last French queen who gamble on cards
with a capacity forfeited.
In England ruined the nobility to the card table. For tickets addicted to Lord Sandwich was a special sandwich that he thought,
with the cards in the other hand, could eat. Some were lucky; Lord Carlyle won years-in-year out so much money he could build
Castle Howard but one Scottish gentleman put on one days and lost in the Hebrides.
The last period in which many professional gamblers had made money on the great ocean liners in the early 20th century.
Floating palaces as France and the Lusitania were wealthy professional people shaken. Striking among the cheaters was
"Count" Victor Lustig.
Tarot
The tarot-(or-Tarocchi) cards in Italy are first mentioned around 1440. The oldest known tarot game is 15th-century
"Visconti-Sforza" game. The "tarocchi di Mantegna" dates from 1470. This led the game with 78 Venetian
tarot cards, the symbols with swords, cups, sticks and star (with 14 values per species, 22 + loose cards).
Several theories in circulation are therefore probably incorrect. One is the theory that the card games are introduced by Gypsies
in Europe. (Until mid 15th century Gypsies arrived in large numbers in Europe). Another misconception is that the ordinary deck
of tarot cards evolved (approx 60 years time difference, and Mamluk games seem more ordinary than tarot cards card games).
Tarot cards are also used as game except to try to predict into the future. This application, along with the gokaspect, in the
past led to religious prohibitions. Thus the Reformed circle game still described as the devil picture book.
material
The card game (plural: card games) is generally of the following four "colors":
Each color is composed of the cards 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 and the 'pictures' or 'honors' Jack, Queen,
King and Ace (A). Some card games are also one or more jokers added.
In general, the tickets for the game first shaken ..
There are other variants, for example in France the tarot game (not to be confused with the forecast maps). This game contains
a chevalier of Honor plus an additional 21 individual trump cards. Also in the Alps have their own version of
"colors" as Eichel and Laub.
Alternative materials
Against the flow of standardization in each year a large number of alternative sets of card games published. Most common are the
advertising cards which usually only the back is printed with advertising, but sometimes the front of a card number is adjusted.
As a rule, advertising cards playable, because they have little or nothing different from the usual design and thus easy to
identify. This is different from artist-designed cards. Representatives of virtually every relevant school of modern art cards
are designed, often stunning beauty. Although the results are impressive and characteristic, it is difficult for them to be
played. Many of these card and its hard to recognize. The card games are also printed in small editions and are intended as
collectors items.
A special category of alternative materials is the wide variety of available pornographic cards. Here too the question of
whether the cards are really designed to play with.
The same applies to a more recent American invention. During Operation Iraqi Freedom in 2003 the U.S. military used playing
cards to the names and photographs of the 55 most wanted Iraqi officials in the armed forces to spread. Thus, Tariq Aziz,
Iraqi Deputy Prime Minister, 8 spades.
Rules
The nature and purpose of the game can vary greatly. The goal of a game may be attainment of success (bridge, guys), or get
points (heart hunt, play cards, point jackets) or the collection of as much or wegspelen cards (solitaire, wild card).
Some games can with some justice be termed as a Mind games like bridge, his other pastimes such as pure patience. Others are
gambling games like poker sometimes big money on table, or a simple board game like jokers. How to play the same game can vary
from region to region
That playing cards and related art are evident from the Mamluk cards pictured. The cards themselves are the artwork. It is remarkable how often avoid playing cards paintings. Through the ages artists have been inspired by the game to the images. See three different examples of Paul Cézanne, Jean-Baptiste Simeon Chardin and displayed alongside the cheat ruitenaas of George de la Tour. | ||
George de la Tour, with the sharpest ruitenaas, c. 1630 |